abatis, 73, 206, 207, 209, 217, 225
Adams, John, 14, 117, 190, 372
African Americans, 19–20, 337, 341, 380
African Corps, 299
Agamemnon, 10–11
Albany, N.Y., 169
Albany Hospital, 222
Alexander, Robert, 131
Allaire, Anthony, 261, 266
Allegheny Mountains, 241
Allen, Ethan, 97
Allen, Jacob, 149
American Crisis, The, 110
American Revolution:
early Patriot victories in, 33–34
evolving style of, 86
funding of, 162, 239
as global war, 171–72, 194, 231
hyperinflation in, 203, 227
importance of French alliance to, 162
see also specific battles
amphibious warfare, 39, 78–79, 84, 85
amputation, 134, 176, 259
Ancient and Honorable Mechanical Company of Baltimore, 160n
Ancient and Honourable Artillery Company of Boston, 10, 14
Ancient York Masons, 230
Anderson, Archibald, 320
Anderson, Enoch, 62–63, 83–84, 91, 106, 107, 135, 138–39, 288, 289, 290, 291
Anderson, Richard, 275
Anderson, Thomas, 305
André, John, 88, 298
Annapolis, Md., 4, 24, 27, 33, 34, 35, 101, 358, 375
Armstrong, George, 343
Armstrong, William, 216, 217, 218
army, American, see Continental Army
army, British, 37, 39, 81, 106, 109, 122, 152
and American evacuation of Brooklyn, 76
in attack on Philadelphia, 142
at Battle of Brooklyn, 72
in Battle of White Plains, 88–92
in Carolinas, 244–45
Charleston invaded by, 87n
Clinton's replacement of Howe as commander of, 183
combat style of, 86
commissions purchased in, 41
elite units of, 42–43
evacuation of Philadelphia by, 183
foraging parties in, 136
at Fort Washington, 94
in Hackensack, 101
harsh treatment of POWs by, 97, 99, 117
army, British (continued)
importance of gunpowder supply recognized by, 23–24
light infantry (Light Bobs) of, 7, 42, 60, 81, 193
losses in, 194
Loyalists in, 259–60
Manhattan invaded by, 78–84
New Jersey occupied by, 109, 135–36
northern strategy of, 169
plunder of New Jersey farms by, 109–10
in Princeton, 126
prisoners taken by, 94, 96
proficiency of, 40–41
recruits to, 42
regiments of, 42
Southern strategy of, 231–32
specialized departments of, 41
on Staten Island, 139–40
strength of, 136
supply line of, 109, 136
surrender of, 363–65
Throgs Neck landing of, 84, 85–88
in Trenton counterattack, 119–22
troop shortages in, 194, 260
uniforms of, 43
see also specific units
Army Lodge no. 27, 230
Arnold, Benedict, 88, 211, 275, 297–98, 328
Arnold, Samuel, 213, 222
Arnold, William, 79
Articles of Association (1774), 6–7
artillery, 43–44, 90
Assunpink Creek, 116, 119, 120, 125
Atkinson, Richard Thomas, 95
Atlanta, Ga., 340
Augusta, Ga., 329, 339, 340
Augusta, HMS, 166–67
Austria, 258
Azor (dog), 180
Backcountry, 241, 244, 260, 261
Bahamas, 231
Bailey, Ansolem, 220, 379
Baker, Sergeant, 222
Baltimore, Battle of, 378
Baltimore, Md., 3–4, 24, 27, 28, 33–35, 110, 178, 355–56, 373
Loyalist revolt in, 130–32
siege mentality in, 356
Baltimore County Militia, 18
Baltimore Independent Company (Cadets), xii–xiii, 16–17, 28, 33, 69, 102, 185, 256
Agamemnon's letter to, 10–11, 67
articles of incorporation for, 4–5, 9, 10
as core units of Continental Army, 5–6
membership in, as treasonous, 10
personal relationships among members of, 6
training of, 9–10
weaponry and uniforms of, 9
see also Smallwood's Battalion
Bantham, John, 18, 213–14, 290, 344, 374
Basking Ridge, N.J., 107, 183–84
Battle Pass, 60
bayonets, 24, 42
Beall, Rezin, 52
Beatty, William, Jr., 51–52, 79, 82, 92, 100, 102, 104, 105, 132, 137, 144, 157, 179, 188, 202, 205, 301, 308, 312, 321
death of, 334
at Germantown, 161
at Hobkirk's Hill, 333
Beatty, William, Sr., 52
Bemis Heights, Battle of, 170
Benson, Perry, 343, 380
Bermuda, 171, 194
Bettis, James, 371
Blue Jacket, 378
Bond, James, 60
Boston, Mass., 4, 6
siege of, 13, 93–94, 193
Boston Tea Party, 4
Boudy, John, 19, 114, 115, 133, 148, 227, 362, 371, 372, 373–74
at Valley Forge, 177
Brandywine, Battle of, 141–50, 143, 151–52, 167, 193
Brandywine Creek, 142
Brigade of the Guards, British, 298–99, 326
Brinton's Ford, 144
British West Florida, 186
Bronx, N.Y., 189
Bronx River, 88, 89
Brooklyn, Battle of, xi, xii–xiii, 59–71, 96, 138, 144, 269
American losses at, 77
American tactics in, 62
British tactics in, 59–60
casualties of, 72
mass grave at, 381
Brooklyn, N.Y., 57, 58, 100
American defenses in, 54–58
Brooklyn Heights, 65, 71
American fortifications at, xiii, 55, 61
amphibious assault at, 85
defenses on, 72–73
evacuation of, 74–77
siege of, 73
Brooks, William, 90
Brophy, Daniel, 20
Buckburg Mountain, 207, 209–10
Buford, Abraham, 240
Bunker Hill, Battle of, 40, 43, 55, 61, 72, 73, 251
Burgoyne, John, 169, 170–71, 189, 194, 298, 363
Cadwalader, John, 113, 118, 126, 127, 128
Calvert, George Calvert, Lord, 7
Camden, Battle of, 249–55, 259, 260, 261, 268
casualties in, 257
retreat from, 255–56
Camden, S.C., 242, 244, 245–46, 274, 281, 327, 329, 331–32
burning of, 338
camp followers, 47–48, 183, 254
Canada, 8, 172
canister shot, 44
cannons, types of, 165
Capes, Battle of the, 358
Carbery, Henry, 228
Caribbean, 8, 162, 194, 230
Carney, Thomas, 149, 254, 322, 334, 343, 374, 380
Carpenter's Island, 165
Carrington, Edward, 274, 300, 306, 309
cartridges, 21
Cary, Richard, 10, 14
Catawba River, 300–303
Catholics, Catholicism, 27
cavalry, light, 43
Cayuga tribe, 191
Chadd's Ford, 142, 144, 145, 148–49
Chalmers, James, 29–30, 35–36, 130, 131, 132, 185–86, 379
Chaplin, William, 70, 179
Charleston, S.C., 87, 87n, 232, 235, 241, 244, 299, 327, 340, 369, 370, 371
British capture of, 239–40
British evacuation of, 372–73
Charlotte, N.C., 256, 260, 263, 270, 345
Charlottesville, Va., 359
Chatterton's Hill, 88, 89–90, 112
Cheraw, S.C., 274, 301
Cherokees, 191, 243
cherry bounce, 301
Chesapeake Bay, 27, 34, 142, 356, 358, 360
Chester, Pa., 150, 152–53
Chestertown, Md., 30
chevaux-de-frise, 163
Chew, Benjamin, 158
Chew House, 157–58, 161, 351
Chew, Peggy, 157n, 377
Church of England, 27
Cincinnatus, Lucius Quinctius, 376–77
City Point, Va., 167
Clark, Sam, 79
Clay, Henry, 378
Clinton, George, 40
Clinton, Henry, 40, 55, 59, 60, 62, 80, 87n, 88, 104, 189, 194, 224, 226, 227, 229, 231, 232, 239, 240, 257, 260, 261, 267, 298, 327, 328, 357, 358, 360, 361, 379
flanking maneuver of, 63
Howe replaced by, 183
as superb strategist, 40
Cliveden, see Chew House
Clouds, Battle of the, 152–53
Cobb, David, 361
Coercive Acts, 4, 6, 8–9, 40
Coffin, John, 348
Coffman, Benjamin, 219
Coffman, Joseph, 219
Collins, James, 264, 265, 266, 290
Columbia, S.C., 277
Committees of Observation, 26, 28
financial component of, 28
Common Sense (Paine), 29, 110
Concord, Battle of, 13, 43
Congressional Silver Medal, 223
Continental Army, xiii, 5, 15, 39, 86–87, 104, 184, 202
African Americans in, 19–20
camp followers of, 47–48
desertion, 83
enlistment period of, 104–5, 118, 267
equipment lost at Fort Lee by, 100–101
first quartermaster general of, 76
formation of, 13–14
lack of common uniforms in, 141
lack of supplies in, 113, 175, 176–77, 226–27
light infantry of, 43
light infantry units of, 192–93
literacy in, 110
militiamen vs., 267
mutinies in, 204, 227–28
in night march to Princeton, 126
petite guerre fought by, 135–36
"policy of humanity" in, 117
provisioning of, 16
reputation of, 41
shrinking of, 101–2, 104–5
sickness in, 49, 88
smallpox in, 133
strength of, 135
troop shortages in, 195
at Valley Forge, 175–80
wages in, 235
see also specific units
Continental Congress, 3, 6–7, 9, 12–13, 14, 15, 16, 45, 47, 84, 87, 110, 132, 155, 162, 204, 223, 239, 242, 268, 273, 373, 375, 379
Continental Army established by, 13–14
Councils of Safety urged by, 28
money printing by, 203
Reconciliationists in, 258
Continental Light Dragoons, 269
Continental Marines, 128, 222
"Convention of Saratoga, The," 170–71
Cornwallis, Charles, Earl, xii, 65–66, 67, 71, 80, 94, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 109, 130, 144, 145, 146, 148, 152, 170, 187, 229, 232, 239, 240, 246–47, 251–52, 253, 255, 257, 258, 260, 261, 263, 274, 296, 297, 298, 299–301, 302, 303, 304, 306–7, 308, 310, 311, 314, 328, 329, 339, 357, 358, 359–60, 378–79
army split by, 276–77
burning of baggage by, 299
in chase for Greene, 299, 302–3
at Germantown, 161–62
at Guilford Courthouse, 316–17, 319, 324, 325, 326
illness of, 267
in march across New Jersey, 108
surrender of, 363–65
Trenton counterattack of, 119–22
at Yorktown, 360–63
Council of Safety, Md., 27–28, 30, 34, 35, 36, 50n, 103, 131
counterfeiting, 203
counterinsurgency warfare, 104, 255
Cowan's Ford, 303–5
cowardice, 79, 83, 142, 160
Cowpens, Battle of, 280–96, 286, 297, 300, 301, 309, 314
casualties at, 295–96
Cox, James, 160
Craig, Thomas, 222
Cruger, John Harris, 339–40, 341
Cuba, 8
currency, 8, 203
Dan River, 308–9, 311
Davidson, William Lee, 276, 302, 304
Davies, Simon, 221
de Borre, Philippe-Hubert Preudhomme, 135, 137, 146, 148
debt law, 28
debtors' prisons, 380
Deckard rifles, 263
Declaration of Independence, 46
Defence, 33, 35
defense in depth, 281–82, 314
De Heister, General, 71
Delaware Bay, French armada at, 189
Delaware Recruits, 361
Delaware Regiment, 61–63, 70, 75, 83, 90–91, 102, 107, 114, 121, 126, 135, 138, 144, 148, 151, 187, 210, 211, 245, 248, 250, 269, 275, 276, 281, 288, 309, 313, 316, 332, 333, 336, 344, 353, 354, 370
march South by, 235–44
as poorly equipped, 106
Delaware River, 100, 106–9, 111–15, 119–20, 125, 133–34, 142, 163, 165
Demont, William, 93
desertion, deserters, 48, 49, 83, 137, 179, 210, 211, 273
execution of, 83–84, 224
Dias, George, 214, 380
disease, 176, 179
Dix Ferry, 309
Dobson, Henry, 275, 288
Donop, Karl von, 152
Dorchester, S.C., 369
Dorchester Heights, Mass., 33
Dougherty, Michael, 151, 210, 224, 256, 294
Downman, Francis, 166
draft, 202
drum signals, 15
Dudley, Guilford, 338
Duncanson, Captain, 292
Dunmore, John Murray, Lord, 34, 262
Durham boats, 114
Duvall, Edward, 343, 351–52
dysentery, 49, 176
East India Company, 4
East River, 53, 71, 73, 74, 75, 78
Eden, Robert, 35–36
Edge Hill, 176
elite units, 86–87
Elliot, Jane, 371
Ellis, Michael, 149
emancipation, 337
ensigns, 17
Estaing, Jean-Baptiste d,' 189–90, 231, 257
Ethiopian Regiment, 34
Eutaw Springs, 347, 348–54, 369
Everhart, Lawrence, 52, 95, 284–85, 293, 296
Ewald, Johann, 103, 129–30, 152
Ewing, James, 113, 275, 350, 351
Ewing, Nathaniel, 291
executions, 10, 273–74
for desertion, 83–84, 224
of mutineers, 227–28
Falmouth, Mass., 34
Ferguson, Patrick, 145, 204–5, 223, 260–62, 263, 264, 265–66
Fernandis, James, 18, 98, 219
feuds, 242
Field, Henry, 381
field hospitals, 48, 134
5th Pennsylvania, American, 151
52nd Regiment of Foot, British, 138
firelocks, see muskets
1st Loyalist Maryland Regiment, British, 131–32
1st Maryland Battalion, American, 309, 314
1st Maryland Brigade, American, 247, 252
1st Maryland Company, American, 275
1st Maryland Regiment, American, 105, 107, 108–9, 132, 133, 135, 149, 319, 321, 322–23, 324, 343
Fischer, David Hackett, 110
flèches, 209
Fleury, François-Louis Teis色dre de, 164–65, 168–69, 172, 180, 214, 219–20, 222, 223
Florida, 8, 194, 231
Flying Army, 269, 275–78, 295, 306
at Cowpens, 279–96
in march to Dan River, 308–12
Flying Camp, 50–52, 82, 91, 99, 104, 105, 329, 369
2nd Battalion of, 51
Ford, Benjamin, 23, 48, 70, 193, 204–5, 252, 320, 335
death of, 337
forlorn hope, 206–7, 213–14, 216–17, 218, 222, 225
40th Regiment of Foot, British, 157–58
Fostinam, Miss, 177
Fountain Inn, 12, 355
Four Chimneys, 74
4th Connecticut Regiment, American, 164
4th Maryland Regiment, American, 132, 135, 145, 150, 157, 361
disease in, 179
France, 7–8, 147, 230–31, 238, 257–58, 327, 372
American alliance considered by, 162
American alliance with, 189–90, 194, 195
England's declaration of war on, 171
loans from, 227, 239
treaties with U.S. signed by, 171–72
Francisco, Peter, 167, 220, 322, 379–80
Franklin, Benjamin, 6–7, 24, 113, 147, 153, 161, 164, 171, 179, 229, 372
Frasier's Highlanders, British, 210, 276
Frazer, Persifor, 151
Frederick County, Md., 26
Frederick the Great, 62, 129
Freehold, N.J., 184
Freemasonry, 229–30, 377
French alliance, 162, 194, 195
Washington and, 172, 189–90
French and Indian War, 3, 7–8, 13, 16, 39, 40, 41, 43, 87, 170, 193, 243, 279
Freshwater, Thomas, 24–25
frostbite, 176
Gadsden flag, 95
Gage, Thomas, 4
gangrene, 134, 222
Garde de Corps, French, 247
Gassaway, Robert, 26
confession of, 27
Gassaway Watkins, 82
Gates, Horatio, 13–14, 107, 170, 229, 242, 244–46, 247–48, 249–50, 254, 257, 268, 269, 285, 298
General George Washington Resigning His Commission (Trumbull), 375n
George III, King of England, 6
Georgetown, 329
Georgia, 6, 231, 277, 278
Germantown, Battle of, 155–62, 167, 351, 352, 377
Gibbon, John, 216, 217
Gibraltar, 231
Gibson, Mel, 242
Gist, Christopher, 3
Gist, Independence, 201
Gist, Mary "Polly" Starrett, 18, 68
Gist, Mordecai, 3–6, 10, 16–17, 18, 24, 28, 29, 30, 33, 48, 54, 70, 80, 97, 102, 103, 105, 113, 114, 120, 127, 130, 131, 132, 135, 140, 145, 146, 153, 154, 177–78, 185, 201, 202, 204, 211, 224, 227, 235, 249, 256, 267, 268, 269, 356, 358, 364, 369–70, 372, 374, 375, 377, 380
in attack on Vechte-Cortelyou house, 66–69
at Brooklyn, xii–xiii, 61–62, 63
at Camden, 250–54
in command of light infantry, 192–93
at Germantown, 156, 159–60
as Mason, 229–30
in Paoli Massacre, 153–54
retreat to Brooklyn Heights of, 64–65
at White Plains, 91–92
at Yorktown, 361–62
Gloucester Point, 362–63
Glover, John, 74–75, 113
Gooding, James, 149, 256, 323, 374
Gowanus Canal, 65
Gowanus Creek, 68
Gowanus Heights, 55, 59, 60, 64
passes through, 58
Gowanus Road, 58, 59, 60
Grand Army, 242–43, 249–50, 253, 257
baggage train of, 254
troop strength of, 246
Grant, James, 59–61, 62, 63, 67, 71, 144
grape shot, 44
Grasse, François-Joseph-Paul de, 328, 357, 358
grasshoppers, 44, 277, 285, 291
Graves, Thomas, 358
Gravesend Bay, Brooklyn, 53, 58
Great Bridge, Battle of, 34
Great Britain, 27, 30, 67
debts owed to, 28
declaration of war on France by, 171
economic warfare by, 203
embargo of goods from, 6–7, 9
French and indian War and, 7–8
Irish insurrection and, 10
treatment of prisoners by, 117
war with Spain of, 231
see also army, British; navy, British
Great Wagon Road, 245, 333
Greene, Nathanael, 49–50, 54, 79, 84, 93, 100, 150, 156, 161, 168, 169, 176, 189, 229, 242, 268, 275, 276, 277, 278, 297, 299, 300–301, 302, 303, 305–7, 308–9, 311, 312, 316, 321, 329, 330, 331–32, 337–38, 359, 369, 370, 372, 380
as commander of southern army, 269–70
at Eutaw Springs, 348–54
executions of deserters by, 273
at Guilford Courthouse, 314–15, 319–20, 325–26
at Hobkirk's Hill, 332–33, 334, 335, 336
as master of Carolina terrain, 300, 302
at Ninety Six, 340–47
as quartermaster general, 269–70
Green River Road, 280, 284
Green Spring, 359–60
Green-Wood Cemetery, 62
grenades, 42
Grenadier Guards, British, 65
grenadiers, 42
Grey, Charles, 154, 194
Guards Regiment, British, 159
guerrilla warfare, 242–43, 244, 260
Guilford Courthouse, Battle of, 308, 313–28, 315, 328, 359, 365
artillery bombardment in, 316–17
casualties of, 326–27
Gunby, John, 28–29, 256, 321, 334, 335
Gunby, Kirk, Sr., 28–29
gunpowder, 23–24
British seizures of, 24
gunsmiths, 22
Hackensack, N.J., 100
Halifax, Nova Scotia, 98, 194
Hall, Josias, 157
Hamilton, Alexander, 105–6
Hampton, Va., 360
Hampton Road, 363
Hancock, John, 10, 14, 229
letter to Maryland Convention by, 38
Hand, Edward, 59, 85, 119, 121
Hanson, Lieutenant, 296
Harcourt, William, 183
Hardman, Henry, 350
Harlem, N.Y., 80–81, 87
Harlem Heights, Battle of, 81–84
Hartley, David, 372
Haslet, John, 61, 70, 75, 90, 100, 106, 114, 126, 127
Hawkins, Christopher, 98
Hays, Mary Ludwig "Molly Pitcher," 188
Hazelwood, John, 165
Head of Elk, Md., 142, 239
Heister, Leopold von, 60, 64
Henry, Robert, 303, 304
herbal remedies, 134
Hessian Jaegers, 112, 152
Hessian mercenaries, 37, 38, 44–45, 63–64, 67, 71, 76, 88, 89, 90, 94, 96, 98, 103, 106, 109, 136, 152, 164, 225, 364
in Battle of Brandywine, 144–45
in Battle of Brooklyn, 60
discipline of, 45
massacre of prisoners by, 95
plunder of New Jersey farms by, 109–10
ruthlessness of, 64, 68, 95
surrender at Trenton of, 117–18
Hessian mercenaries (continued)
in Trenton, 112–22
in Trenton counterattack, 121–22
Hillsborough, N.C., 240, 241, 257
History of the Campaigns of 1780 and 1781 in the Southern Provinces of North America, A (Tarleton), 379
Hobkirk's Hill, 329–38, 340
casualties at, 336
Holmes, Coll., 204
Holy Ground, 50
Honduras, 231
Hood, George, 224
Horndon, William, 221
House of Burgesses, 28
Howard, James, 370
Howard, John Eager, 51, 52, 82, 91, 105, 132, 152–53, 157, 161, 177, 199, 202, 224, 230, 239, 251, 253–54, 256, 269, 275, 281, 288–90, 291, 292, 295, 301, 302, 306–7, 319, 321, 322, 324, 350, 352, 370, 375, 377
court-martial of, 178, 200–201
at Hobkirk's Hill, 333, 335
Howard, William, 60
Howe, Richard, 39–40, 41, 45, 53, 73, 84, 85, 103–4, 189
peace summit set up by, 46
sympathy for colonists expressed by, 39
Howe, William, 38n, 39–40, 43, 45, 58, 60, 62, 63, 66, 71, 76, 84, 85, 88–89, 99, 100, 101, 103–4, 109, 129, 135–36, 146, 151, 152, 163, 170, 176, 183, 194
attack on Brooklyn Heights stopped by, 72–73
in Battle of Brandywine, 141–50
capture of Philadelphia by, 155–56
at Fort Washington, 94
in Manhattan invasion, 80
mistress of, 98
peace summit set up by, 46
sympathy for colonists expressed by, 39
in Trenton, 110–11
howitzers, 44
Hubertusburg, Treaty of, 8
Hudson River, 209
Hughes, John, 19, 49, 68, 73–74, 89
Huguenots, 241
hunger, 176
hyperinflation, 203, 227
Iclenburg, see Murray Hill
Immortal 400, 71
Immortals, xiii, 235
lack of uniforms and supplies in, 137
indentured servants, 20
independent companies, 24
formation of, 4–5, 9
voluntary enlistment in, 10
India, 66, 162
inoculation, 133
Intolerable Acts, 4, 6, 8–9
Iroquois Confederacy, 191
Irving, Washington, 209
Irwin's Ferry, 309, 312
Jacobite Rebellions, 44
Jaegers, 103
Jamaica Pass, 58, 60, 62
James Island, 371, 372
James River, 362
Jaquett, Peter, 100, 379
Jay, John, 372
Jefferson, Thomas, 28, 308, 359
Jeffries Ford, 144, 145
Jersey City, N.J., 225
Johns Island, 370, 372
Johnson, Dick, 352
Johnson, Henry, 216, 217, 218–19
Johnson, William, 371
John Sterrett & Company, 18
John the Evangelist, Saint, 230
Jones's Ford, 144
Josef Friedrich Wilhelm, prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen, 180
Jumonville Glen, Battle of, 7
Kalb, Johann "Baron" de, 230, 235, 238, 240, 241, 242, 248, 252, 253
Keener, Mr. (gunsmith), 22
King's Ferry, N.Y., 209
Kings Mountain, 280
Kings Mountain, Battle of, 263, 316
Kingston, N.Y., 106
Kips Bay, 78, 92
amphibious landing at, 78–79
Kirkwood, Robert, 135, 152, 235, 250–51, 256, 276, 288, 290, 294, 309, 313, 316, 318, 330, 331, 333, 336, 345, 349, 352, 353, 354, 378
Knowlton, Thomas, 81–82
Knox, Henry, 116, 158
Knyphausen, Wilhelm Reichsfreiherr (Baron) zu Inn und, 112, 116, 144, 145, 146, 148–49
Kosciuszko, Thaddeus, 273–74, 339, 340, 371
Lady Washington (ship), 374
Lafayette, Marquis de, 147–48, 172, 184, 185, 187, 229, 238–39, 343n, 359
Lamb, Roger, 303, 317, 319, 363
landing barges, 38n
Laurens, Henry, 364, 372
Laurens, John, 337, 364, 370, 372
Lee, Charles, 13–14, 40, 86–88, 107–8, 129, 183–85
court-martial of, 199
personality of, 87
surrender of, 108
Lee, Fort, 100, 269
Lee, Henry "Light Horse," 210–11, 212, 225, 229, 269, 309, 310–12, 316, 329–30, 340, 341, 345, 363, 370, 380
at Guilford Courthouse, 313–14, 325
Lee, Robert E., 211, 380
Leslie, Alexander, 276, 298, 304
Lexington, Battle of, 13, 43
Liberty (sloop), 222
Life Guard, American, 355
Light Dragoons, British, 43, 105, 108, 112, 276
light infantry, American, 7, 42, 43, 192–93, 213, 225
light infantry, British, 7, 42, 60, 81
Lincoln, Benjamin, 232, 235, 239, 242, 243, 365
liquor, 142
Little Turtle, 378
Logtown, 331
Long Island, Battle of, see Brooklyn, Battle of
Long Island, N.Y., 37, 46, 50
American disarray in camp on, 54
American escape from, 72–77
British invasion of, 53–54
defenses on, 54–58
looting, 45, 79, 109, 138–39
Loring, Elizabeth (Sultana), 39
Loring, Joshua, 39, 98
Lossberg, Friedrich Wilhelm von, 112, 116
Louisiana, 8
Louis XVI, King of France, 147
Loyalist militia, 34
Loyalists, 26–30, 45, 130–32, 136, 137, 141, 183, 244, 255–56, 259–62, 264–65, 339, 340–41, 342, 345
numbers of, 24–25
regiments raised by, 30
on Staten Island, 139–40
at Stony Point, 210
Lucas, Barton, 68, 73–74
Luct, Captain, 166
McConkey's Ferry, 113
McCurtin, Daniel, 37
McDonough, Thomas, 61
McDougall, Alexander, 102, 156
McGowan's Pass, 80
McHenry, Fort, 378
McJunkin, Joseph, 340
Mackenzie, Roderick, 287
McLane, Allen, 211–12, 216
McLeod, John, 324
McMillan brothers, 19, 49, 68, 98–99
Magaw, Robert, 94
Magil, Charles, 252–53
Maham, Hezekiah, 330
Maham tower, 330–31, 341, 343
Majoribanks, John, 351, 353
malaria, 49
Malvern, Pa., 153
Mangers, Nicholas, 275
Manhattan, N.Y., 37, 46, 78–84, 92, 100, 328
bordello district in, 50
Manning, Edward, 351
Mann's Tavern, 376–77
Marblehead, Mass., 74
Marblehead Mariners, American, 74–75, 113, 114
Marion, Francis "the Swamp Fox," 242–43, 244, 257, 260, 268, 300, 329, 330, 332, 340, 342, 346
Martin, Joseph Plumb, 69, 73, 164, 167, 173, 175, 188
Martin, Thomas Plumb, 78
Maryland, 14, 20
British debt of, 28
Council of Safety in, 27–28, 30, 34, 35, 36, 50n, 103, 131
Eastern Shore of, 27
Flying Camp members from, 50–52
founding of, 7
geographic division of, 27
independent companies of, 50n, 65
Loyalist revolt in, 130–32
Loyalists in, 26–30, 130–32
nickname of, xiin
provincial assembly of, 16
recruitment in, 202
regiments raised in, 132
trade in, 27
Maryland Assembly, 131
Maryland Convention, 14, 38
Maryland Division, American, 235–44, 245, 252, 254, 268
Maryland 400, see Immortal 400; Immortals
Maryland Gazette, 68, 199, 200, 373, 376
Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser, 24–25
Maryland Line, 28, 65, 67, 68–74, 80, 86, 87, 90–91, 101, 102, 104, 105–6, 113–14, 115–16, 119–20, 130, 141, 142, 144, 145, 153, 154, 156–57, 159–60, 178–79, 185, 191, 192, 199, 201–2, 204–5, 225, 226, 251, 269, 344, 356, 376–77
in Battle of Harlem Heights, 82–83
as captured prisoners, 95–96
casualties of, 91–92
charge on Cornwallis of, xii, 67, 71
courts-martial in, 199–200
at Fort Washington, 93–96
Masons in, 230
at White Plains, 88–92
see also Smallwood's Battalion
Maryland Loyalist Regiment, 131–32, 185–86, 379
Masons, 229–30
Massachusetts, 4, 9, 13
matrosses, 335
Mawhood, Charles, 126–27
medicine, 134
Mercer, Fort, 164
Mercer, Hugh, 113, 114, 116, 126, 127
Merlin, HMS, 167
Methacton Hill, 156
Middleton, Alexander, 131
Middletown, N.J., 203
Mifflin, Fort, 163–69
British capture of, 172–74
construction of, 164
evacuation of, 173
supply situation at, 168
Mifflin, Thomas, 76, 79
militia companies, 26
minute companies, 22–23
minutemen, 28
Mohawks, 191
Mohicans, 191
molasses, 245
Monmouth, N.J., Battle of, 184–89, 192, 199
casualties at, 188–89
Monmouth County, N.J., 204–5, 261
Montreal, 97, 169
Montresor, John, 76, 164, 165
Morgan, Daniel, 269, 274–78, 297, 300, 301, 302, 303, 306–7, 309, 314
at Cowpens, 279–96
Morgan's Hill, 280, 289
Morristown, N.J., 130, 135, 226
smallpox in, 132–33
mortars, 44
Mosquito Coast, 231
most-favored-nation status, 171
Moultrie, Fort, 87n
Mount Vernon, 13, 356, 376
Mud Island, 163–69, 172–74, 175
British shelling of, 166–68
Münchhausen, Friedrich von, 168, 173
Munrow, Briant, 344
Murfree, Hardy, 214, 218
Murray, Mary Lindley, 80
Murray Hill, 78–79
Musgrave, Thomas, 157–59, 161
muskets, 21–22, 42
inaccuracy of, 22
mutinies, 204, 227–28
Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 270
Narrows, 138
Nassau, Bahamas, 128
Nassau Hall, 129
National Park Services, 381
Native Americans, 43, 99, 191–92, 231, 241
Newark, N.J., 101
Newark Academy, 135
New Brunswick, N.J., 101, 104, 105, 106, 108, 111, 118, 125, 130
New Jersey, 100, 103, 104, 137, 183, 227
British fortification of, 111
British occupation of, 109, 135–36
Washington's retreat through, 100–111
New Jersey Line, 204
mutiny in, 228
Newport, R.I., 189, 327
New York, Battle of, 45–46, 53
New York, N.Y., 49, 50, 56, 95, 195, 225, 259, 297, 328
British evacuation of, 373
British invasion of, 37–46
British move to, 183
burning of, 84
Loyalist population of, 45–46
New York Harbor, 104
New York Public Library, 80
Nicaragua, 231
Nighten, John, 303
night terrors, 379
Ninety Six, 276, 277, 329, 338, 339–47, 371, 374
Ninham, Abraham, 192
Ninham, Daniel, 191, 192
"Non-Associators," 28
Norfolk, Va., burning of, 34
North Carolina, 260, 261–62
Norwood, Edward, 199–200
Nourse, Joseph, 136
Nowell, James, 322
nurses, 48
O'Hara, Charles, 298–99, 304, 311, 318–19, 320, 326, 363, 365
O'Hara, John, 219
Oldham, Edward, 329–30
Old Point Comfort, 360
Old Stone House Museum, 61n
Old York Road, 156
Oneidas, 191, 194
Onondagas, 191
Orangeburg, S.C., 345–46
Osborn, Colonel, 173
Ostenaco (Cherokee chief), 243
Oswald, Richard, 372
Otter, HMS, 33–35
Overmountain Men, 262–66, 280
Pacolet River, 277
Paine, Thomas, 29, 110
at Germantown, 161
Paoli Massacre, 153–55, 194
Paoli Tavern, 153–54
Paris, Treaty of, 8, 147, 365, 372–73
Parker's Mill, 131
Parliament, British, 194
Patriot, The (film), 242
Patriots, 26–30
Paul, Virginia, 266n
Paulus Hook, N.J., 225–26
Peale, Charles Willson, 17, 48, 107, 109
Peale, James, 17, 48, 69, 107, 201
Pee Dee River, 273–74, 276, 301
Peggy Stewart, burning of, 4
Pelham Bay, 86
Pell's Point, 85–86
Pennsylvania Line, 204, 227–28
Pennsylvania navy, 165
pensions, 73n, 379–80
Percy, Hugh, 94
Perth Amboy, N.J., 111
Petersburg, Va., 239, 240
petite guerre, 135–36
Phelps, William, 83
Philadelphia, Pa., 47, 103, 110–11, 140, 163, 358
British attack on, 142
British evacuation of, 183
Howe's capture of, 155–56
Loyalists in, 141
Philadelphia Associators, 113, 118, 126, 127
Philadelphia Committee on Public Safety, 164
Phillips, William, 328
Philpot, Bryan, 69–70, 379
Philpot, Bryan, Jr., 18, 70
Pickens, Andrew, 283, 341
Pindell, Richard, 133–34, 148, 295–96, 335, 336, 337, 343, 350, 352, 370, 378
pneumonia, 176
Pollock, Elias, 214
Pope, Thomas, 218
Portsmouth, Va., 34
Portugal, 87
Post Road, 80
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 379
Princeton, Battle of, 125–37, 210
Princeton, N.J., 106, 107, 108, 111, 118, 138, 375
British in, 126–29
Princeton University, 129
prisoners of war (POWs), 94–99, 118, 131–32, 151
British treatment of, 117
deaths of, 96, 99
escapes of, 97–99
Hessian, 117
humiliation of, 95, 96–97
in New York, 99
parole of, 239–40
poisoning of, 99
prison ships, 77, 96, 97–98, 140, 166, 219, 240, 256
privates, 19
Prospect Park, 60
prostitutes, 50
Protestants, Protestantism, 27
Providence, R.I., 104
proxies, 7
Putnam, Fort, 75, 77
Putnam, Israel "Old Put," 54–55, 61, 74, 79, 229
Quebec, 33, 275
Queen's Rangers, 159, 160, 193
Quibbletown (Piscataway), N.J., 136
Rall, Johann, 94, 112–13, 116–17
death of, 117
Ramsay, David, 17
Ramsay, Margaret Jane Peale, 48–49, 178–79
Ramsay, Nathaniel, 17, 33, 48, 62, 67, 69, 94, 105, 132, 145, 178, 201, 229, 377
in Battle of Monmouth, 185–87
capture of, 186–87
ranger units, 192
ranging forces, 7
Raritan River, 105
Rawdon, Francis, Lord, 251, 331–32, 338, 342, 345–46
at Hobkirk's Hill, 332–33
Rawling, Moses, 93, 95
Reconciliationists, 258
Red Lion Inn, 59, 60–61
Reedy Fork Road, 325
Revolutionary War Drill Manual (von Steuben), 180
Rhode Island, 164
Riedesel, Baroness von, 170
Rife, Peter, 325–26
Roberts, John, 220, 221–22
Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de, 327–28, 356, 357, 363, 365
Roche, Patrick, 349
Roche house, 349–52
Rock, Andrew, 289, 291
Roebuck (British warship), 131
Rogers' Rangers, 7, 54–55, 193
Ross, John, 217–18
Roundheads, 241
Royal Fusiliers, 276
Royal Navy, 37, 39, 71, 74, 84, 136, 142, 163, 209, 357
in attack on Fort Mifflin, 166–67, 169
Royal Proclamation Line, 241, 262
Royal Regiment of Artillery, 43–44
Royal Welch Fusiliers, 303, 317–18, 359
rum, 142
Russia, 258
sabers, 43
Saint George's Island, Md., 35
Saint Lawrence, Gulf of, 8
Saint Lucia, 194
Saint Mary's City, Md., 27
Salisbury, N.C., 241, 256, 305
saltpeter, 24
Sands, William, 49
Sandy Hill Plantation, 371
Sandy Hook, N.J., 37, 142, 189
Saratoga, Battle of, 169–72, 183, 194, 275, 297–98, 363
Saratoga, N.Y., 155
Savannah, Ga., 231–32, 328
Schuylerville, N.Y., 170
Schuylkill River, 163, 168
Scott, Charles, 119, 120–21, 184–85
Scottish Highlanders, 44, 242
prisoners not taken by, 67–68
scurvy, 176
2nd Guards Battalion, British, 322–23, 324
2nd Maryland Battalion, American, 309
2nd Maryland Brigade, American, 250–54
2nd Maryland Company, American, 275
2nd Maryland Regiment, American, 105n, 132, 135, 320–21, 335
Selden, Samuel, 344
Seneca tribe, 191
Senegal, 299
Serle, Ambrose, 41, 46, 53, 54
7th Independent Company, American, 18
7th Maryland Regiment, American, 135
17th Light Dragoons, British, 277, 288
17th Regiment of Foot, British, 210, 216, 221
7th Regiment of Foot, British, 276
71st Regiment of Foot, British, 210, 276, 289, 290–91, 292
Seven Years' War, 7–8, 39, 41, 66, 135, 147, 169
Seymour, William, 245, 257, 290, 295, 305, 310, 318, 334, 348
sharpshooters, 119
Shaw, John Robert, 247
Shelby, Isaac, 263
Shelton, Captain, 217
Sheridan, Henry, 351, 352
ships of the line, 357
Shrewsbury, N.J., 204
Sid, Virginia, 265–66
Siege of Boston, 13, 93–94, 193
siege warfare, 361
Silliman, Gold Selleck, 83
Simcoe, John Graves, 191, 193, 229
Singleton, Anthony, 321
Sipple, Martinas, 121
6th Maryland Regiment, American, 135, 186
Slade, William, 97
slave revolts, 231
slavery, 20, 337
slave trade, 378–79
smallpox, 133
Smallwood, William, 8, 16, 19, 23, 52, 61, 69, 72, 75, 80, 89, 91, 131, 132, 135, 140, 146, 153, 154, 156, 159, 160–61, 177, 179, 194, 201, 224, 230, 235, 246, 252, 254, 268, 269, 356, 374, 375, 377
charges of despotism against, 199–200
clashes with officers of, 199–200
at Kips Bay, 78–79
and Norwood's dismissal, 199–200
Smallwood's Battalion, American, 14–15, 38, 50, 51, 52, 54, 62, 63, 66–67, 68–70, 77, 84, 87, 98, 100, 102, 107, 113, 127, 131, 164, 177, 219, 228, 275, 320
African Americans in, 19–20
arming of, 21–24
in Battle of Brandywine, 144, 145
in Battle of Brooklyn, 61
in Brooklyn, 55
Smallwood's Battalion, American (continued)
camp followers of, 47
casualties of, 77
expiring enlistments of, 105
inequities of supply for, 23
initial stationing of, 24–25
lack of provisions for, 103
leadership qualities sought by, 17–18
Loyalist families and, 28–29
in Manhattan invasion, 80–81
in march to N.Y., 47–48, 49
non-commissioned officers in, 20
original slate of officers in, 17–18
Otter incident and, 34–35
provisioning of, 16
recruits to, 19–20
retreat to Brooklyn Heights of, 64
supplying of, 15–16
swimming of Gowanus Creek by, 69–70
wages of, 15
Smith, John, 154, 250, 323, 337–38
at Hobkirk's Hill, 335–36
Smith, Mrs., 212
Smith, Samuel, 6, 35, 36, 48, 64, 67, 69, 77, 82, 88, 89, 90, 91, 94, 102, 105, 132, 145, 150, 164–67, 168, 199, 201, 298, 337, 356, 375, 377–78
Society of the Cincinnati, Maryland Chapter of, 376–77
solid shot, 44
South Carolina, 87n, 231, 241, 244, 245, 260, 273–74
South Carolina Line, 243
Spain, 186, 194, 231
Spartanburg, 280
Spartans, 11
special forces, 43
Speedwell Furnace, 325, 326
spontoons, 207, 326
Springsteel farm, 207
Stamp Act (1765), 8, 66
Star Fort, 339–47
Staten Island, N.Y., 37, 40–43, 137–40, 166, 369
Stedman, Charles, 109, 327
Stephen, Adam, 114, 156, 159
Sterrett, John, 18
Sterrett, Mary, see Gist, Mary "Polly" Sterrett
Sterrett, William, 18, 68, 97–98, 178
Steuben, Baron Friedrich von, 179–80, 187, 238, 308–9, 355, 361
Stevens, Edward, 248, 249
Steward, Jack, 23, 33, 48, 67, 69, 82, 94, 105, 114, 127, 132, 148, 178, 202, 213, 223, 228, 229, 308, 321, 337, 356, 362, 369
capture of, 139–40
court-martial of, 83
death of, 371–72
escape of, 166
forlorn hope lead by, 207, 213–14, 216–17, 218
at Hobkirk's Hill, 335
in light infantry, 192–93
at Stony Point, 207, 209–10, 216, 218, 222
Steward, Stephen, 23
Stewart, Alexander, 346–47, 348–54
Stewart, James, 322–23
Stirling, William Alexander, Lord, 40, 55, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66–67, 70–71, 79, 107, 108, 114, 146, 187
Stockbridge Indians, Massacre of the, 193
Stockbridge Mohicans, 191–94
Stone, Cudbeth, 290
Stone, John Hoskins, 105, 120, 139, 146–47, 149, 162
Stony Point, Battle of, 206–24, 208, 344
British reoccupation of fort after, 224
casualties of, 223
deserter executions after, 224
forlorn hope in, 206–7, 213–14, 216–17, 218, 222
howitzer at, 220–21
intelligence in, 211–12, 216
secrecy in, 213, 215–16
Stony Point, N.Y.:
beach at, 212
British fortifying of, 209–10
geography of, 209
Stuart, James, 320, 335
substitutes, 202
sugar-house, 99
suicide squad, 206
Sullivan, John, 54, 55, 63, 64, 67, 115, 140, 144, 145, 146, 149, 156–57, 189
raid on Staten Island lead by, 138–39
Summerton, S.C., 329
Sumter, Thomas, 242, 243–44, 260, 268, 300, 332, 340, 342, 346
surgery, 259
instruments for, 134
tactics, 21–22
Tarleton, Banastre, 108, 183, 193, 240, 243, 251, 253–54, 255, 269, 276–78, 280, 283, 297, 298, 310, 311, 312, 319, 324, 327, 359, 362–63, 378–79
at Cowpens, 284–96
"Tarleton's quarter," 240
taxes, 4, 8–9, 203
tea, 8
Tennessee, 241, 262
Thermopylae, Battle of, 11
3rd Maryland Regiment, American, 135, 145, 361
in Battle of Monmouth, 185–86
33rd Infantry Regiment, British, 247, 250
Throgs Neck Peninsula, 85
Ticonderoga, Fort, 33, 169–70
Timberlake Expedition, 243
Tipu Sultan, 66
Tories, see Loyalists
treason, 10, 29, 93
Trenton, N.J., 107, 109, 111, 112–22, 129, 136, 138
Cornwallis's counterattack in, 119–22
Howe encamped in, 110–11
Triplett, Peter H., 222
Trumbull, John, 375n
Tuffin, Armand, 247
Tuscaroras, 191
23rd Regiment, British, 250
typhoid fever, 49
typhus, 176
vagrants, 202
Valley Forge, Pa., 173, 175–80, 183, 187, 222, 269
Van Brunt, Adrian, 381
Vass, Vincent, 213, 215, 222, 223
Veazey, Edward, 18, 23, 70
Vechte-Cortelyou farmhouse, 61, 66–67
venereal disease, 50
Verplanck's Point, 209, 210
shelling of, 223
Ville de Paris (ship), 357
Virginia, 7, 28, 34, 164
Virginia Continentals, American, 114
Virginia Regiment, American, 119, 120
Virginia Sharpshooters, American, 275
Volunteers of Ireland, British, 251–52, 333–34
Vulture (gunboat), 220, 221–22, 298
Wabash, Battle of the, 378
Wallabout Bay, 97–98
Wallace, Andrew, 289
warfare techniques, 7–8, 43
defense in depth in, 281–82, 314
evolving style of, 86
massed fire in, 21–22
tactics in, 21–22
War of 1812, 180, 343n, 356, 378
Washington, Fort, 87, 92, 93–99, 100, 112, 269
Washington, George, xii, 3, 11, 12, 13–14, 28, 49, 53, 54, 55, 69, 71–72, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80–81, 84, 86–87, 94, 95, 101, 102, 104, 125–26, 127–28, 130, 135, 136, 138, 158, 169, 180, 184, 192, 226–27, 229, 235, 239, 268, 269, 297, 327–28, 337, 346, 355–56, 357, 361–62
in assault on Trenton, 112–22
in attack on Germantown, 155–62
in Battle of Brandywine, 141–50
in Battle of Monmouth, 185, 186, 187–88
Battle of White Plains and, 88–92
British invasion of New York and, 38–39, 45–46
in British surrender, 365
and burning of Manhattan, 84
on camp followers, 47–48
commission resigned by, 375–76
on de Fleury, 165
Delaware crossed by, 106–7, 108–9, 112, 114–15
dismissal of Charles Lee by, 184–85
evacuation of Fort Lee ordered by, 100
at Fort Mifflin, 164
French alliance and, 172, 189–90
in French and Indian War, 7
Hamilton and, 105
Howard's court-martial and, 200–201
leadership skills of, 14
light infantry created by, 192
as Mason, 230
in move to White Plains, 86–87, 88–89
in retreat through New Jersey, 100–111
as showman, 141
smallpox inoculation ordered by, 133
and Stony Point, 210–11, 212–13
at Valley Forge, 176–77, 183
as waging war of attrition, 136
at Yorktown, 360–63
Washington, Martha Custis, 13
Washington, William, 269, 276, 282, 284, 285, 289, 292–94, 302, 309, 310, 311–12, 316, 322, 332, 334, 336, 349, 352–53, 371
watermelons, 59
Waters, Richard, 216
Watkins, Gassaway, 20, 67, 101, 157, 200, 219, 256, 275, 288, 304–5, 321, 334, 344, 374, 378
Watkins, John, 50n
Watson, Fort, 329, 330–31, 332, 338
Waxhaws Massacre, 240, 261, 263, 276
Waxhaws Road, 245, 249, 250
Wayne, Anthony "Mad Anthony," 153–54, 207–8, 210, 212–13, 214–15, 220, 222, 223, 224, 227–28, 359–60, 361, 369, 372
Webster, James, 223, 317, 325
Wells, Henry, 113–14, 148, 149–50, 281, 290, 291
Welsh, George, 160
West Indies, 172, 231
Westlay, Sergeant, 90
West Point, N.Y., 195, 205, 209, 224, 235, 274, 297, 298
Whigs, 261
White Horse Tavern, 152
White Plains, Battle of, 88–92
casualties in, 91–92
White Plains, N.Y., 87, 88, 189, 192
whore's march, 50
Wilcox's Iron Works, 242
Williams, John, 210, 224
Williams, Otho Holland, 93–95, 96–97, 105, 132, 186, 199, 201, 228, 229, 241, 246, 247–48, 249, 250, 252, 254, 255, 256, 269, 275, 301, 308, 309, 318, 320, 322, 337, 346, 349, 350, 369, 374, 375, 377
Williamsburg, Va., 358, 360
Wilmington, Del., 177, 178–80, 187
Wilmington, N.C., 34, 329, 330
Wilmot, William, 139–40, 369, 371
Wister, Sally, 177
wolf holes, 163
women, as spies, 48
Woodward, Elizabeth, 132
Woolwich Military Academy (the Shop), 43
Wrottesley, John, 194
Xerxes, King of Persia, 11
Yadkin River, 306–7, 308
Yonkers, N.Y., 192
York River, 360
Yorktown, Va., 327, 356, 358, 360–61
Young, Thomas, 282–83, 287, 292, 294–95
聚合中文网 阅读好时光 www.juhezwn.com
小提示:漏章、缺章、错字过多试试导航栏右上角的源